Applied Engineering- Exploring Physics Principles through Design Projects
Standards(2013)
HS-PS2-1. Analyze data to support the claim that Newton’s second law of motion is a mathematical model describing motion and change in motion (acceleration) of objects with mass when acted on by a net force. Use free-body force diagrams and algebraic expressions representing Newton’s laws of motion to predict changes to velocity and acceleration for an object moving in one dimension in various situations. [Clarification Statement: Examples of data could include tables or graphs of position or velocity as a function of time for objects subject to a net unbalanced force, such as a falling object, an object rolling down a ramp, or a moving object being pulled by a constant force. Predictions of changes in motion can be made numerically, graphically, and algebraically using basic equations for velocity, average speed and constant acceleration.]
HS-PS2-2. Use mathematical representations to show that the total momentum of a system of interacting objects moving in one dimension is conserved when there is no net force on the system. [Clarification Statement: Emphasis is on the qualitative meaning of the conservation of momentum and the quantitative understanding of the conservation of linear momentum in interactions involving elastic and inelastic collisions between two objects in one dimension.]
HS-PS2-3. Apply scientific principles of motion and momentum to design, evaluate, and refine a device that minimizes the force on a macroscopic object during a collision.* [Clarification Statement: Both qualitative evaluations and algebraic manipulations may be used.]
Projects:
Car Safety Project-Codman Academy
HS-PS3-3. Design and evaluate a device that works within given constraints to convert one form of energy into another form of energy.* [Clarification Statement: Emphasis is on both qualitative and quantitative evaluations of devices. Examples of devices could include Rube Goldberg devices, wind turbines, solar cells, solar ovens, and generators. Examples of constraints could include use of renewable energy forms and efficiency.] [Assessment Boundary: Assessment for quantitative evaluations is limited to total output for a given input.]
HS-PS3-4a. Provide evidence that when two objects of different temperature are in thermal contact within a closed system, the transfer of thermal energy results in thermal equilibrium, or a more uniform energy distribution among the objects (second law of thermodynamics) and that temperature changes at thermal equilibrium depend on the specific heat values of the two substances. [Clarification Statement: Energy changes should be described both quantitatively in a single phase (Q = mc∆T) and conceptually in either a single phase or during a phase change.]
Projects:
HS-PS4-1. Use mathematical representations to support a claim regarding relationships among the frequency, wavelength, and speed of waves traveling in various media. Recognize that electromagnetic waves can travel through empty space (without a medium). [Clarification Statement: Examples of situations to consider could include electromagnetic radiation traveling in a vacuum and glass, sound waves traveling through air and water, and seismic waves traveling through the Earth. Relationships include v = λf, T = 1/f, and the qualitative comparison of the speed of a transverse (including electromagnetic) or longitudinal mechanical wave in a solid, liquid, gas, or vacuum (if applicable).]
HS-PS4-5. Communicate technical information about how some technological devices use the principles of wave behavior and wave interactions with matter to transmit and capture information and energy.* [Clarification Statement: Examples of technological devices could include solar cells capturing light and converting it to electricity; medical imaging; and communications technology. Examples of principles of wave behavior include resonance, photoelectric effect, and interference.]
Projects:
HS-PS2-1. Analyze data to support the claim that Newton’s second law of motion is a mathematical model describing motion and change in motion (acceleration) of objects with mass when acted on by a net force. Use free-body force diagrams and algebraic expressions representing Newton’s laws of motion to predict changes to velocity and acceleration for an object moving in one dimension in various situations. [Clarification Statement: Examples of data could include tables or graphs of position or velocity as a function of time for objects subject to a net unbalanced force, such as a falling object, an object rolling down a ramp, or a moving object being pulled by a constant force. Predictions of changes in motion can be made numerically, graphically, and algebraically using basic equations for velocity, average speed and constant acceleration.]
HS-PS2-2. Use mathematical representations to show that the total momentum of a system of interacting objects moving in one dimension is conserved when there is no net force on the system. [Clarification Statement: Emphasis is on the qualitative meaning of the conservation of momentum and the quantitative understanding of the conservation of linear momentum in interactions involving elastic and inelastic collisions between two objects in one dimension.]
HS-PS2-3. Apply scientific principles of motion and momentum to design, evaluate, and refine a device that minimizes the force on a macroscopic object during a collision.* [Clarification Statement: Both qualitative evaluations and algebraic manipulations may be used.]
Projects:
Car Safety Project-Codman Academy
- Physics of Car Collisions
- Wind-up Cars
- Mousetrap Cars
- Kinetic Art/Mobiles
- Projects- Design Squad Nation
- Catapults/Punkin-Chuckers
- PBS Catapult Project
- Tennis Ball Launcher
- Iphone/Ipad Drop Contest
- Cardboard Chairs
- Concrete Beams
- 3-legged Stool
- Design a Theme Park Ride
- NCETE- Compilation of Design Challenges
HS-PS3-3. Design and evaluate a device that works within given constraints to convert one form of energy into another form of energy.* [Clarification Statement: Emphasis is on both qualitative and quantitative evaluations of devices. Examples of devices could include Rube Goldberg devices, wind turbines, solar cells, solar ovens, and generators. Examples of constraints could include use of renewable energy forms and efficiency.] [Assessment Boundary: Assessment for quantitative evaluations is limited to total output for a given input.]
HS-PS3-4a. Provide evidence that when two objects of different temperature are in thermal contact within a closed system, the transfer of thermal energy results in thermal equilibrium, or a more uniform energy distribution among the objects (second law of thermodynamics) and that temperature changes at thermal equilibrium depend on the specific heat values of the two substances. [Clarification Statement: Energy changes should be described both quantitatively in a single phase (Q = mc∆T) and conceptually in either a single phase or during a phase change.]
Projects:
- Electric Vehicles
- Physics of Hybrid Vehicles
- Wind Power Systems
- Pedal-powered Generators for Third World http://www.popularmechanics.com/technology/how-to/gadgets/pedal-power-how-to-build-a-bike-generator-16627209
- Electrical Panel Design for a Machine Shop
- Solar Oven Design
- Another Solar Oven
- Easy-Bake Oven
- Physics of Refrigeration Systems
- Design a household HVAC system
- Designing a LEED-certified building
- Exploration of EM Spectrum- Codman Academy
HS-PS4-1. Use mathematical representations to support a claim regarding relationships among the frequency, wavelength, and speed of waves traveling in various media. Recognize that electromagnetic waves can travel through empty space (without a medium). [Clarification Statement: Examples of situations to consider could include electromagnetic radiation traveling in a vacuum and glass, sound waves traveling through air and water, and seismic waves traveling through the Earth. Relationships include v = λf, T = 1/f, and the qualitative comparison of the speed of a transverse (including electromagnetic) or longitudinal mechanical wave in a solid, liquid, gas, or vacuum (if applicable).]
HS-PS4-5. Communicate technical information about how some technological devices use the principles of wave behavior and wave interactions with matter to transmit and capture information and energy.* [Clarification Statement: Examples of technological devices could include solar cells capturing light and converting it to electricity; medical imaging; and communications technology. Examples of principles of wave behavior include resonance, photoelectric effect, and interference.]
Projects:
- Electric Guitar Design and Build http://capsulenu.weebly.com/kurt-lichtenwald.html
- Build an automobile speaker system
- Music and the Spectrum
- Fiberoptic Network Technology
- Bluetooth Radio
- Cell Phone Networks
- Physics of Wind Instruments
- Medical Ultrasound
- Physics of Hearing
- Ocean Acoustics
- Underwater Noise Pollution
- Automobile Mirrors
- Laser Light Show (excerpt)
- Physics of Binoculars
- Refraction in the Eye
- Telescope Mirrors